Friday 30 November 2012

KESEHATAN MENTAL (PSIKONEUROSA)





1.       Neurastenia
Ditandai adanya kondisi syaraf-syaraf yang lemah, tanpa memiliki energi hidup, selalu terus menerus merasa lelah yang hebat, dibarengi perasaan nyeri di bagian tubuhnya sehingga menyebabkan kemalasan .
Simpton dan cirri khasnya :

  • v  Kondisi syaraf lemah dan perasaan rendah diri
  • v  Sangat emosional namun ragu
  • v  Sangat introvert dan egosentris, sangat sensitif thd perbuatan & opini org laen
  • v  Dibarengi dgn kelambanan mental dan gerak motorik sgt lambat

Sebabnya :

  • v  Risau karena kekurangan kesibukan
  • v  Menderita ketegangan emosi krn konflik internal kesusahan dan frustasi
  • v  Sbg sarana utk melarikan diri dr tgs yg tdk disetujui & tdk mnyenangkan

Gejala neurasthenia di klsifikasikan dlm => reaksi konversia sbg sistem syaraf psiko-fisiologis, gangguan organ dlm & gangguan psiko-fisiologis otonomik.

2.       ANXIETY NEUROSIS/KECEMASAN
Symptom ketakutan,kecemasan kronis, sungguhpun tdk ada rangsangan yg spesifik ,ex : tkut mati, gila, dll
Symptom yg khas  :

  • v  Kecemasan  dan ketakutan yg berlebih
  • v  Emosi kuat dan tdk stabil
  • v  Diikuti bermacam fantasi, delusi, ilusi
  • v  Merasa mual byk keringat, bergemetar

Sebabnya :

  • v  Ketakutan & kecemasan yg trus mnerus krn gagal trus
  • v  Repressi thd macam2 masalah emosional
  • v  Kecenderungan harga diri yg terhalang (adler)

3.       PSIKHOSOMATISME
Bentuk bermacam-macam penyakit jasmani karena konflik psikis/psikologis.

  • HYPERTENSION
    • Darah tinggi krena emosi yg kuat kemudian menjelma jd reaksi somatisme lgsg mngenai peredaran darah
     
  • EFFORT SYNDROM
    •  Reaksi somatisme brupa penyakit, luka/kerusakan dgn gejala :
      ·         Pengeluaran sedikit tenaga fisik saja bisa bertambahnya detak jantung dibarengi kesulitan bernafas
  • PEPTIC ULCER
    • Borok bernanah pada alat pencernaan /maagzweer krena terlalu byknya asam lambungdlm  usus 12 jari
Sebabnya :
  • v  Cara hidup dan mkan yg tdk teratur
  • v  Lambung lemah, terjadi infeksi, pernah mnderita penyakit di pencernaan
  • v  Konflik batin

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